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1.
J. vasc. bras ; 22: e20220098, 2023. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1448592

ABSTRACT

Resumo Contexto Infecção é a complicação mais frequente do uso de cateter venoso central em hemodiálise. Objetivo O propósito do trabalho foi determinar a taxa de incidência de infecções de cateteres venosos centrais para hemodiálise em um centro de diálise no estado do Amazonas, bem como seus fatores preditivos, além de traçar o perfil microbiológico dessas infecções. Métodos Trata-se de um estudo observacional, com dados coletados mensalmente e de forma prospectiva, por meio de entrevista e análise de prontuários de pacientes submetidos a hemodiálise por meio de cateteres venosos centrais em um centro de diálise durante um período de 12 meses. Resultados Foram analisados 96 cateteres venosos centrais, de 48 pacientes. Do total, foram 78 cateteres venosos não tunelizados (81,3%) e 18 cateteres venosos tunelizados (18,7%). Dos cateteres acompanhados, 53,1% foram trocados por motivo de infecção, sendo realizada hemocultura de 35,2% dos pacientes que apresentaram infecção de cateter. Quanto ao perfil microbiológico, das nove hemoculturas positivas, em cinco foram isoladas bactérias gram-negativas, e em quatro foram isoladas bactérias gram-positivas. A bactéria mais frequentemente isolada foi a Staphylococcus hominis, presente em 22,2% das hemoculturas positivas. Conclusão A taxa de incidência global de infecção de cateteres venosos centrais foi de 10,1 episódios por 1.000 dias de cateter, sendo de 15,1 nos cateteres não tunelizados e de 3,3 nos cateteres tunelizados. Os fatores preditivos identificados foram o uso de cateter venoso central não tunelizado e a realização de duas sessões de diálise semanais. Quanto ao perfil microbiológico, pouco mais da metade das bactérias isoladas foram gram-negativas.


Abstract Background Infection is the most frequent complication of central venous catheters used for hemodialysis. Objectives The purpose of this study was to the determine the central venous catheter-related infection rate at a dialysis center in the Brazilian state of Amazonas and to identify risk factors and the microbiological profile of the infections. Methods This was an observational study with prospective data collection over a 12-month period by chart analysis and face-to-face interviews with patients undergoing hemodialysis using central venous catheters at a dialysis center. Results 96 central venous catheters were analyzed in 48 patients. 78 of these were non-tunneled central venous catheters (81.3%) and 18 were tunneled central venous catheters (18.7%), 53.1% of the catheters were exchanged because of infection and blood cultures were obtained from 35.2% of the patients who had catheter-related infections. Gram-negative bacteria were isolated from five of the nine blood cultures in which there was bacterial growth and Gram-positive bacteria were isolated from the other four. The most commonly isolated bacteria was Staphylococcus hominis, found in 22.2% of positive blood cultures. Conclusion The overall hemodialysis venous catheter infection rate was 10.1 episodes/1000 catheter days, 15.1 episodes/1000 catheters days in non-tunneled catheters and 3.3 episodes/1000 catheters days in tunneled catheters. The infection predisposing factors identified were use of non-tunneled catheters and having 2 hemodialysis sessions per week. Regarding the microbiological profile, over half of the bacteria isolated were Gram-negative.

2.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 53: e20190284, 2020. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1057285

ABSTRACT

Abstract Tuberculosis is one of the most common infections worldwide with particularly high incidence rates in countries with unfavorable socioeconomic conditions and among persons with impaired immune systems. While most patients with this disease will present with pulmonary tuberculosis, immunocompromised individuals also commonly present with extrapulmonary manifestations. We report the case of a 28-year-old male patient with end-stage renal disease who presented with long-standing systemic symptoms and genitourinary manifestations, who was diagnosed with urogenital tuberculosis both by clinical and microbiologic criteria. Clinicians should always suspect tuberculosis in patients with chronic symptoms, especially in those with immunosuppression.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Tuberculosis, Urogenital/diagnosis , Kidney Failure, Chronic/complications , Tuberculosis, Urogenital/complications , Tuberculosis, Urogenital/drug therapy , Immunocompromised Host , Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use
3.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Clín. Méd ; 10(4)jul.-ago. 2012.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-646061

ABSTRACT

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: As calcificações dos gânglios da base ocorrem em diversas situações clínicas e podem se apresentar de modo variado. Desde formas assintomáticas e incidentalmente encontradas em exames de imagem; até formas convulsivas graves ou manifestações clínicas de parkinsonismo.O objetivo deste estudo foi relatar um caso de hipocalcemia com repercussões neurológicas 10 anos após hipoparatireoidismo secundário devido à tireoidectomia por carcinoma folicular. RELATO DO CASO: Paciente do sexo feminino, 23 anos, submetida à tireoidectomia aos 9 anos de idade devido a carcinoma folicular, tendo posteriormente recebido dose de I131 e desde então em uso de puran T4. Após aproximadamente 10 anos da cirurgia,iniciou episódios de crises convulsivas tônico-clônicas, além de parestesias e episódios de tetania. Hipoparatireoidismo com manifestações neurológicas, diagnosticado longo tempo após a cirurgia de tireoide é considerado uma raridade. A paciente procurou atendimento médico facultativo com quadro sugestivo de crise convulsiva e tetania. Solicitado exames laboratoriais e tomografia computadorizada (TC) de crânio que demonstrou áreas de calcificações cerebrais nos núcleos caudados, lenticulares e tálamo. Tratada com cálcio e Vitamina D apresentando melhora clínica importante. CONCLUSÃO: O tratamento do hipoparatireoidismo com cálcio e vitamina D, restabelecendo a calcemia, propiciou a estabilizaçãodo quadro neurológico.


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Calcifications of the basal ganglia occur in various clinical situations and can present variably. Even asymptomatic forms which are incidentally found on imaging studies until severe seizures or clinical manifestations of parkinsonism are described. To report a case of hypocalcemia with neurological repercussions ten years after secondary hypoparathyroidism due to thyroidectomy for follicular carcinoma. CASE REPORT: The diagnosis of hypoparathyroidism with neurological findings occurring years after thyroid surgery is considered to be rare. The authors describe one case of hypoparathyroidismassociated to brain calcifications diagnosed ten yearsafter thyroidectomy due to follicular thyroid carcinoma. Thepatient was admitted to Emergency Service presenting with seizures,without a previous diagnosis of hypoparathyroidism. Thediagnosis was suspected adding the biochemical analysis and thecerebral computed tomography, which showed cerebral calcificationsin basal ganglia. The patient was treated with calcium andvitamin D with improvement of clinical status. CONCLUSION: The treatment of hypoparathyroidism withcalcium and vitamin D, restoring the calcium levels, brought thestabilization of the neurological symptoms.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Calcinosis , Basal Ganglia Diseases/etiology , Hypoparathyroidism/complications , Postoperative Complications , Thyroidectomy , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods
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